1969 Canadian MO Problems/Problem 6

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Problem

Find the sum of $1\cdot 1!+2\cdot 2!+3\cdot 3!+\cdots+(n-1)(n-1)!+n\cdot n!$ , where $n!=n(n-1)(n-2)\cdots2\cdot1$ .

Solution

Note that for any positive integer $n,$ $n\cdot n!+(n-1)\cdot(n-1)!=(n^2+n-1)(n-1)!=(n+1)!-(n-1)!.$ Hence, pairing terms in the series will telescope most of the terms.

If $n$ is odd, $(n+1)!-(n-1)!+(n-1)!-(n-3)!\cdots -2!+2!-0!.$

If $n$ is even, $(n+1)!-(n-1)!+(n-1)!-(n-3)!\cdots -3!+3!-1!.$ In both cases, the expression telescopes into $(n+1)!-1.$

1969 Canadian MO (Problems)
Preceded by Problem 5	1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5 • 6 • 7 • 8 • 9 • 10	Followed by Problem 7

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1969 Canadian MO Problems/Problem 6

From AoPSWiki

Problem

Solution