2007 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 16

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Problems

How many three-digit numbers are composed of three distinct digits such that one digit is the average of the other two?

$\mathrm{(A)}\ 96\qquad \mathrm{(B)}\ 104\qquad \mathrm{(C)}\ 112\qquad \mathrm{(D)}\ 120\qquad \mathrm{(E)}\ 256$

Solution

We can find the number of increasing arithmetic sequences of length 3 possible from 0 to 9, and then find all the possible permutations of these sequences.

Common difference	Sequences possible	Number of sequences
1	$012, \ldots, 789$	8
2	$024, \ldots, 579$	6
3	$036, \ldots, 369$	4
4	$048, \ldots, 159$	2

This gives us a total of $2 + 4 + 6 + 8 = 20$ sequences. There are $3! = 6$ to permute these, for a total of $120$ .

However, we note that the conditions of the problem require three-digit numbers, and hence our numbers cannot start with zero. There are $2! \cdot 4 = 8$ numbers which start with zero, so our answer is $120 - 8 = 112 \Longrightarrow \mathrm{(C)}$ .

2007 AMC 12A (Problems • Resources)
Preceded by Problem 15	Followed by Problem 17
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2007 AMC 12A Problems/Problem 16

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Problems

Solution

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