Dedekind domain

A Dedekind domain is a integral domain $R$ satisfying the following properties:

Dedekind domains are very important in abstract algebra and number theory. For example, the ring of integers of any number field is a Dedekind domain.

There are several very nice properties of Dedekind domains:

Dedekind domains have unique prime factorizations of ideals (but not necessarily of elements).
Ideals are invertible if we extend to fractional ideals. Let $R$ be a Dedekind domain with field of fractions $K$ , and let $I$ be any nonzero ideal of $R$ . Then set $I^{-1}=\{a\in K\mid aI\subseteq R\}$ . We call an ideal $I$ invertible if $II^{-1}=R$ . (Note that this is always a subset, but it is not always equal unless we are in a Dedekind domain.) In fact, the converse is true as well: if all nonzero ideals are invertible, then $R$ is a Dedekind domain. This is sometimes used as a definition.

There are also various properties of homological importance that Dedekind domains satisfy.