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University of South Carolina High School Math Contest/1993 Exam/Problem 5

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Problem

Suppose that f is a function with the property that for all x and y, f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y) + 1 and f(1) = 2. What is the value of f(3)?

\mathrm{(A) \ }4 \qquad \mathrm{(B) \ }5 \qquad \mathrm{(C) \ }6 \qquad \mathrm{(D) \ }7 \qquad \mathrm{(E) \ }8

Solution

Notice that f(3)=f(2+1)=f(2)+f(1)+1=f(2)+3. Also, f(2)=f(1+1)=f(1)+f(1)+1=5. Thus, f(3)=3+5=8.

In general, f(x + 1) = f(x) + f(1) + 1 = f(x) + 3, so we have a simple recursive definition for the function f. From here we can see that f(n) = 3n - 1 for all positive integers n.


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