2000 AMC 12 Problems/Problem 14

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Problem

When the mean, median, and mode of the list

are arranged in increasing order, they form a non-constant arithmetic progression. What is the sum of all possible real values of $x$ ?

The mean is $\frac{10+2+5+2+4+2+x}{7} = \frac{25+x}{7}$ .
Arranged in increasing order, the list is $2,2,2,4,5,10$ , so the median is either $2,4$ or $x$ depending upon the value of $x$ .
The mode is $2$ , since it appears three times.

We apply casework upon the median:

If the median is $2$ ( $x \le 2$ ), then the arithmetic progression must be constant, which results in a contradiction.
If the median is $4$ ( $x \ge 4$ ), then the mean can either be $0,3,6$ to form an arithmetic progression. Solving for $x$ yields $-25,-4,17$ respectively, of which only $17$ works.
If the median is $x$ ( $2 \le x \le 4$ ), then the mean can either be $1, 5/2, 4$ to form an arithmetic progression. Solving for $x$ yields $-14,-7.5, 3$ respectively, of which only $3$ works.