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Algebra (structure)

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Let R be a commutative ring. We say that a set E is an R-algebra if E is an R-module and we have a R-bilinear mapping of E\times E into E, denoted multiplicatively. That is, we have a multiplication between elements of E, and between elements of R and elements of E such that for any r \in R, x,y \in E, r(xy) = (rx)y = x(ry) , and r(x+y) = rx + ry. We identify elements r of R with the corresponding elements r1 of E.

Note that multiplication in E need not be associative or commutative; however, the elements of R must commute and associate with all elements of E. We can thus think of E as an R-module endowed with a certain kind of multiplication.

Equivalently, we can say that E is an R-algebra if it is a not-necessarily-associative ring that contains R as a sub-ring.

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